The JupyterHub API

Authenticators

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Authenticators

Module: jupyterhub.auth

Base Authenticator class and the default PAM Authenticator

Authenticator

class jupyterhub.auth.Authenticator(**kwargs)

Base class for implementing an authentication provider for JupyterHub

config c.Authenticator.admin_users = Set()

Set of users that will have admin rights on this JupyterHub.

Admin users have extra privileges:
  • Use the admin panel to see list of users logged in
  • Add / remove users in some authenticators
  • Restart / halt the hub
  • Start / stop users’ single-user servers
  • Can access each individual users’ single-user server (if configured)

Admin access should be treated the same way root access is.

Defaults to an empty set, in which case no user has admin access.

config c.Authenticator.auto_login = Bool(False)

Automatically begin the login process

rather than starting with a “Login with…” link at /hub/login

To work, .login_url() must give a URL other than the default /hub/login, such as an oauth handler or another automatic login handler, registered with .get_handlers().

New in version 0.8.

config c.Authenticator.enable_auth_state = Bool(False)

Enable persisting auth_state (if available).

auth_state will be encrypted and stored in the Hub’s database. This can include things like authentication tokens, etc. to be passed to Spawners as environment variables.

Encrypting auth_state requires the cryptography package.

Additionally, the JUPYTERHUB_CRYPTO_KEY envirionment variable must contain one (or more, separated by ;) 32B encryption keys. These can be either base64 or hex-encoded.

If encryption is unavailable, auth_state cannot be persisted.

New in JupyterHub 0.8

config c.Authenticator.username_map = Dict()

Dictionary mapping authenticator usernames to JupyterHub users.

Primarily used to normalize OAuth user names to local users.

config c.Authenticator.username_pattern = Unicode('')

Regular expression pattern that all valid usernames must match.

If a username does not match the pattern specified here, authentication will not be attempted.

If not set, allow any username.

config c.Authenticator.whitelist = Set()

Whitelist of usernames that are allowed to log in.

Use this with supported authenticators to restrict which users can log in. This is an additional whitelist that further restricts users, beyond whatever restrictions the authenticator has in place.

If empty, does not perform any additional restriction.

add_user(user)

Hook called when a user is added to JupyterHub

This is called:
  • When a user first authenticates
  • When the hub restarts, for all users.

This method may be a coroutine.

By default, this just adds the user to the whitelist.

Subclasses may do more extensive things, such as adding actual unix users, but they should call super to ensure the whitelist is updated.

Note that this should be idempotent, since it is called whenever the hub restarts for all users.

Parameters:user (User) – The User wrapper object
config c.Authenticator.admin_users = Set()

Set of users that will have admin rights on this JupyterHub.

Admin users have extra privileges:
  • Use the admin panel to see list of users logged in
  • Add / remove users in some authenticators
  • Restart / halt the hub
  • Start / stop users’ single-user servers
  • Can access each individual users’ single-user server (if configured)

Admin access should be treated the same way root access is.

Defaults to an empty set, in which case no user has admin access.

authenticate(handler, data)

Authenticate a user with login form data

This must be a tornado gen.coroutine. It must return the username on successful authentication, and return None on failed authentication.

Checking the whitelist is handled separately by the caller.

Changed in version 0.8: Allow authenticate to return a dict containing auth_state.

Parameters:
  • handler (tornado.web.RequestHandler) – the current request handler
  • data (dict) – The formdata of the login form. The default form has ‘username’ and ‘password’ fields.
Returns:

The username of the authenticated user,

or None if Authentication failed. If the Authenticator has state associated with the user, it can return a dict with the keys ‘name’ and ‘auth_state’, where ‘name’ is the username and ‘auth_state’ is a dictionary of auth state that will be persisted.

Return type:

user (str or dict or None)

config c.Authenticator.auto_login = Bool(False)

Automatically begin the login process

rather than starting with a “Login with…” link at /hub/login

To work, .login_url() must give a URL other than the default /hub/login, such as an oauth handler or another automatic login handler, registered with .get_handlers().

New in version 0.8.

check_whitelist(username)

Check if a username is allowed to authenticate based on whitelist configuration

Return True if username is allowed, False otherwise. No whitelist means any username is allowed.

Names are normalized before being checked against the whitelist.

delete_user(user)

Hook called when a user is deleted

Removes the user from the whitelist. Subclasses should call super to ensure the whitelist is updated.

Parameters:user (User) – The User wrapper object
config c.Authenticator.enable_auth_state = Bool(False)

Enable persisting auth_state (if available).

auth_state will be encrypted and stored in the Hub’s database. This can include things like authentication tokens, etc. to be passed to Spawners as environment variables.

Encrypting auth_state requires the cryptography package.

Additionally, the JUPYTERHUB_CRYPTO_KEY envirionment variable must contain one (or more, separated by ;) 32B encryption keys. These can be either base64 or hex-encoded.

If encryption is unavailable, auth_state cannot be persisted.

New in JupyterHub 0.8

get_authenticated_user(handler, data)

Authenticate the user who is attempting to log in

Returns user dict if successful, None otherwise.

This calls authenticate, which should be overridden in subclasses, normalizes the username if any normalization should be done, and then validates the name in the whitelist.

This is the outer API for authenticating a user. Subclasses should not override this method.

The various stages can be overridden separately:
  • authenticate turns formdata into a username
  • normalize_username normalizes the username
  • check_whitelist checks against the user whitelist

Changed in version 0.8: return dict instead of username

get_handlers(app)

Return any custom handlers the authenticator needs to register

Used in conjugation with login_url and logout_url.

Parameters:app (JupyterHub Application) – the application object, in case it needs to be accessed for info.
Returns:list of ('/url', Handler) tuples passed to tornado. The Hub prefix is added to any URLs.
Return type:handlers (list)
login_url(base_url)

Override this when registering a custom login handler

Generally used by authenticators that do not use simple form-based authentication.

The subclass overriding this is responsible for making sure there is a handler available to handle the URL returned from this method, using the get_handlers method.

Parameters:base_url (str) – the base URL of the Hub (e.g. /hub/)
Returns:The login URL, e.g. ‘/hub/login’
Return type:str
logout_url(base_url)

Override when registering a custom logout handler

The subclass overriding this is responsible for making sure there is a handler available to handle the URL returned from this method, using the get_handlers method.

Parameters:base_url (str) – the base URL of the Hub (e.g. /hub/)
Returns:The logout URL, e.g. ‘/hub/logout’
Return type:str
normalize_username(username)

Normalize the given username and return it

Override in subclasses if usernames need different normalization rules.

The default attempts to lowercase the username and apply username_map if it is set.

post_spawn_stop(user, spawner)

Hook called after stopping a user container

Can be used to do auth-related cleanup, e.g. closing PAM sessions.

pre_spawn_start(user, spawner)

Hook called before spawning a user’s server

Can be used to do auth-related startup, e.g. opening PAM sessions.

config c.Authenticator.username_map = Dict()

Dictionary mapping authenticator usernames to JupyterHub users.

Primarily used to normalize OAuth user names to local users.

config c.Authenticator.username_pattern = Unicode('')

Regular expression pattern that all valid usernames must match.

If a username does not match the pattern specified here, authentication will not be attempted.

If not set, allow any username.

validate_username(username)

Validate a normalized username

Return True if username is valid, False otherwise.

config c.Authenticator.whitelist = Set()

Whitelist of usernames that are allowed to log in.

Use this with supported authenticators to restrict which users can log in. This is an additional whitelist that further restricts users, beyond whatever restrictions the authenticator has in place.

If empty, does not perform any additional restriction.

LocalAuthenticator

class jupyterhub.auth.LocalAuthenticator(**kwargs)

Base class for Authenticators that work with local Linux/UNIX users

Checks for local users, and can attempt to create them if they exist.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.add_user_cmd = Command()

The command to use for creating users as a list of strings

For each element in the list, the string USERNAME will be replaced with the user’s username. The username will also be appended as the final argument.

For Linux, the default value is:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–disabled-password’]

To specify a custom home directory, set this to:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–home’, ‘/customhome/USERNAME’, ‘–disabled-password’]

This will run the command:

adduser -q –gecos “” –home /customhome/river –disabled-password river

when the user ‘river’ is created.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.admin_users = Set()

Set of users that will have admin rights on this JupyterHub.

Admin users have extra privileges:
  • Use the admin panel to see list of users logged in
  • Add / remove users in some authenticators
  • Restart / halt the hub
  • Start / stop users’ single-user servers
  • Can access each individual users’ single-user server (if configured)

Admin access should be treated the same way root access is.

Defaults to an empty set, in which case no user has admin access.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.auto_login = Bool(False)

Automatically begin the login process

rather than starting with a “Login with…” link at /hub/login

To work, .login_url() must give a URL other than the default /hub/login, such as an oauth handler or another automatic login handler, registered with .get_handlers().

New in version 0.8.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.create_system_users = Bool(False)

If set to True, will attempt to create local system users if they do not exist already.

Supports Linux and BSD variants only.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.enable_auth_state = Bool(False)

Enable persisting auth_state (if available).

auth_state will be encrypted and stored in the Hub’s database. This can include things like authentication tokens, etc. to be passed to Spawners as environment variables.

Encrypting auth_state requires the cryptography package.

Additionally, the JUPYTERHUB_CRYPTO_KEY envirionment variable must contain one (or more, separated by ;) 32B encryption keys. These can be either base64 or hex-encoded.

If encryption is unavailable, auth_state cannot be persisted.

New in JupyterHub 0.8

config c.LocalAuthenticator.group_whitelist = Set()

Whitelist all users from this UNIX group.

This makes the username whitelist ineffective.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.username_map = Dict()

Dictionary mapping authenticator usernames to JupyterHub users.

Primarily used to normalize OAuth user names to local users.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.username_pattern = Unicode('')

Regular expression pattern that all valid usernames must match.

If a username does not match the pattern specified here, authentication will not be attempted.

If not set, allow any username.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.whitelist = Set()

Whitelist of usernames that are allowed to log in.

Use this with supported authenticators to restrict which users can log in. This is an additional whitelist that further restricts users, beyond whatever restrictions the authenticator has in place.

If empty, does not perform any additional restriction.

add_system_user(user)

Create a new local UNIX user on the system.

Tested to work on FreeBSD and Linux, at least.

add_user(user)

Hook called whenever a new user is added

If self.create_system_users, the user will attempt to be created if it doesn’t exist.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.add_user_cmd = Command()

The command to use for creating users as a list of strings

For each element in the list, the string USERNAME will be replaced with the user’s username. The username will also be appended as the final argument.

For Linux, the default value is:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–disabled-password’]

To specify a custom home directory, set this to:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–home’, ‘/customhome/USERNAME’, ‘–disabled-password’]

This will run the command:

adduser -q –gecos “” –home /customhome/river –disabled-password river

when the user ‘river’ is created.

check_group_whitelist(username)

If group_whitelist is configured, check if authenticating user is part of group.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.create_system_users = Bool(False)

If set to True, will attempt to create local system users if they do not exist already.

Supports Linux and BSD variants only.

config c.LocalAuthenticator.group_whitelist = Set()

Whitelist all users from this UNIX group.

This makes the username whitelist ineffective.

static system_user_exists(user)

Check if the user exists on the system

PAMAuthenticator

class jupyterhub.auth.PAMAuthenticator(**kwargs)

Authenticate local UNIX users with PAM

config c.PAMAuthenticator.add_user_cmd = Command()

The command to use for creating users as a list of strings

For each element in the list, the string USERNAME will be replaced with the user’s username. The username will also be appended as the final argument.

For Linux, the default value is:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–disabled-password’]

To specify a custom home directory, set this to:

[‘adduser’, ‘-q’, ‘–gecos’, ‘”“’, ‘–home’, ‘/customhome/USERNAME’, ‘–disabled-password’]

This will run the command:

adduser -q –gecos “” –home /customhome/river –disabled-password river

when the user ‘river’ is created.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.admin_users = Set()

Set of users that will have admin rights on this JupyterHub.

Admin users have extra privileges:
  • Use the admin panel to see list of users logged in
  • Add / remove users in some authenticators
  • Restart / halt the hub
  • Start / stop users’ single-user servers
  • Can access each individual users’ single-user server (if configured)

Admin access should be treated the same way root access is.

Defaults to an empty set, in which case no user has admin access.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.auto_login = Bool(False)

Automatically begin the login process

rather than starting with a “Login with…” link at /hub/login

To work, .login_url() must give a URL other than the default /hub/login, such as an oauth handler or another automatic login handler, registered with .get_handlers().

New in version 0.8.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.create_system_users = Bool(False)

If set to True, will attempt to create local system users if they do not exist already.

Supports Linux and BSD variants only.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.enable_auth_state = Bool(False)

Enable persisting auth_state (if available).

auth_state will be encrypted and stored in the Hub’s database. This can include things like authentication tokens, etc. to be passed to Spawners as environment variables.

Encrypting auth_state requires the cryptography package.

Additionally, the JUPYTERHUB_CRYPTO_KEY envirionment variable must contain one (or more, separated by ;) 32B encryption keys. These can be either base64 or hex-encoded.

If encryption is unavailable, auth_state cannot be persisted.

New in JupyterHub 0.8

config c.PAMAuthenticator.encoding = Unicode('utf8')

The text encoding to use when communicating with PAM

config c.PAMAuthenticator.group_whitelist = Set()

Whitelist all users from this UNIX group.

This makes the username whitelist ineffective.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.open_sessions = Bool(True)

Whether to open a new PAM session when spawners are started.

This may trigger things like mounting shared filsystems, loading credentials, etc. depending on system configuration, but it does not always work.

If any errors are encountered when opening/closing PAM sessions, this is automatically set to False.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.service = Unicode('login')

The name of the PAM service to use for authentication

config c.PAMAuthenticator.username_map = Dict()

Dictionary mapping authenticator usernames to JupyterHub users.

Primarily used to normalize OAuth user names to local users.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.username_pattern = Unicode('')

Regular expression pattern that all valid usernames must match.

If a username does not match the pattern specified here, authentication will not be attempted.

If not set, allow any username.

config c.PAMAuthenticator.whitelist = Set()

Whitelist of usernames that are allowed to log in.

Use this with supported authenticators to restrict which users can log in. This is an additional whitelist that further restricts users, beyond whatever restrictions the authenticator has in place.

If empty, does not perform any additional restriction.